What does "periodization" refer to in athletic training?

"Periodization" in athletic training refers to the systematic planning of athletic training, which involves dividing the training program into distinct periods or phases. This approach is designed to optimize performance adaptations and manage fatigue over time. Each phase has specific goals, such as building strength, endurance, or speed, and typically involves changes in the training volume, intensity, and type of exercises being performed.

The concept of periodization allows athletes to peak at a particular time (for example, during competitions) while also ensuring adequate recovery. This methodical planning is crucial for long-term athletic development and helps prevent overtraining.

The other options do not capture the essence of periodization; for instance, while the arrangement of competition schedules is important, it does not inherently involve structured training phases. Evaluating athlete performance is also a critical aspect of athlete development but is more about assessing what has already been achieved rather than the organized approach of training. Similarly, managing athlete nutrition is essential for performance, but it is a separate focus from the systematic scheduling and structuring of training itself.