What is the "principle of specificity" in training?

The principle of specificity in training emphasizes that training adaptations are closely related to the type of exercise performed. This means that the benefits gained from training will be specific to the movements, energy systems, and skills involved in the particular sport or activity. For example, a sprinter will experience different physiological adaptations compared to a marathon runner, as their training focuses on speed, power, and anaerobic capacity versus endurance and aerobic capacity. By aligning training with the specific demands of the sport, athletes can enhance their performance and reduce the risk of injury, leading to more effective and efficient training outcomes.